Slick pedicab for the humble rickshaw

A slick, pedicab avatar for the humble rickshaw

Annu Anand

New Delhi, July 8, 2002

For 35-year-old Lalu Singh — a migrant from Bihar— pulling a cycle rickshaw these days is not a drudgery. On the other hand, he is very happy riding his rickshaw in the small lanes and residential colonies of East Delhi. The reason for this change is the new-style rickshaw that he has acquired. He feels it is very light compared to his old rickshaw and he does not have to apply much force to pull it. Passengers do not hesitate to sit in it because it always protects them from heat and rain, unlike the old-design rickshaw.

Lalu says the new rickshaw has changed his life. From somebody who used to hire a rickshaw daily, he has become the proud owner of a new rickshaw. He has recently bought it for Rs 4,000 and is paying the money in instalments. When the going is good he is able to earn as much as Rs 3,000.

Lalu is not alone in this silent change taking place in parts of Delhi and a few other Indian cities. The number of these new-age rickshaw pullers is increasing everyday as the technology of the new-design rickshaw is spreading fast.

Rupesh Kumar is another youngster pulling a rickshaw in the East Delhi residential area of Mayur Vihar. He has been driving this new mode of transportation for close to six months now. In fact, it is difficult to find an old-design rickshaw these days in this locality. Rupesh did not have money to buy a rickshaw so he takes one on hire everyday.

He has to pay Rs 25 to the owner of the rickshaw as hiring charges. He earns daily around Rs 100. The business has been brisk in the past few weeks, in view of the CNG crisis on Delhi roads.

While cycle rickshaws are not a novelty on Delhi roads, but what attracted people’s attention was this new-design cycle rickshaw – more comfortable and stylish. A number of these new rickshaws have been plying on the streets of Delhi for almost two years now. And their number is growing.

It is not just the new design. Almost, a silent revolution is taking place. For the ubiquitous rickshaw and the fate of the rickshaw puller has not changed in the past half a century. Now, thanks to a project conceived by the New York-based Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) and the Asian Institute of Transport Development, the rickshaw has got a new lease of life. The project was initially funded by the US Agency for International Development. The implementation is being done by a Delhi-based NGO called Trichakra.

The traditional rickshaw is an inefficient piece of machinery. It puts a lot of stress on the rickshaw puller and saps away his energy in vain. The geometry of the structure is not suited to the Indian build. Keeping these shortcomings in mind, the design team led by Mr G. Shyam, an industrial designer at the Indian Institute of Technology,

New Delhi, made an attempt to improve the cycle rickshaw, with the objective to reduce the strain on the rickshaw puller through a multiple gearing system. The carriage has also been made lightweight.

But its light body is also posing problems for some rickshaw pullers. Moti Lal - a rickshaw puller in Patparganj - feels that the old rickshaw was better as it could carry more weight and odd-shaped objects. “Moreover, we cannot carry coolers, fridge or any other heavy things.

This design is comfortable only for passengers. Actually, we are in a loss”, he says.

With basic improvements in design, the project came up with several designs - Rani ki Palki, Udan Khatola, Raja ki Baggi, Vigyan ka Samadhan and 2001. Based on field experience and further research, two basic models have been commercialised - the Agra model and the Delhi model.

The former was first introduced in Agra where it has been a great success with tourists visiting the Taj Mahal. Today, about 800 of them are running in Agra, while another 400 are on the roads in the holy towns of Mathura and Vrindavan. Some 30 of the new rickshaws have been introduced in Bharatpur, where rickshaws are the only mode of transportation to take a tour of the famous bird sanctuary. In Delhi alone about 2,000 of these new rickshaws have been introduced. The process initially was slow because manufacturers have to be convinced first and then rickshaw pullers have to be educated. “Some of them did not want the gear system as they are not comfortable with it. So, we have supplied rickshaws without gears as well. We are also working with government agencies to help the rickshaw pullers to become owners of their vehicles”, says Mr Nalin Sinha, Project Manager of the cycle rickshaw project at Trichakra. The cost of the new rickshaw has come down to Rs 4,000, from the initial Rs 5,000. It will go down further as volumes pick up. Even at the present level,it compares well with the traditional rickshaw, which ranges between Rs 3,300 and Rs 3,800.

Mr Sinha says the new rickshaws are being introduced in Jaipur, Varanasi, Patna, Lucknow and Ranchi. More and more local manufacturers are showing interest. To avoid problems in transportation, a ready-to-assemble model is also being developed which can be easily transported. A school “bus” is also on the anvil. It will be capable of carrying at least 10 children comfortably.

The ITDP says the project has demonstrated that the superior vehicle could attract 19 per cent of its clients from highly polluting two-stroke engine vehicles.

Surveys with the new operators have demonstrated that the income of the cycle rickshaw pullers has increased by 20 per cent to 50 per cent because they are able to attract new passengers.

Unlike many transport sector interventions aimed only at improving the environment, this project did not pollute and also increased employment and income among the poor, while keeping the cost of the vehicle roughly constant. Close cooperation with the Indian bicycle industry, the tourism industry, and marketing and public relations experts were critical to the project’s success.

While the Indian project has now moved to commercialisation stage with the help of the private sector, designer G. Shyam is helping improve the rickshaw in Indonesia. The project at Jogjakarta, Indonesia, will try to replicate its success in partnership with Gadjah Mada University. The Indonesian designs, in order to respect cultural norms, will have to continue to seat passengers in the front. In many parts of Indonesia the cycle rickshaw, or becak, is tightly restricted by local government decrees and police harassment. In Jogjakarta the cultural traditions and tourism trade have led to a much more supportive environment for becak modernisation.